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The Reasons Behind the Slowness of Your.NET Core App (And How to Fix It)

Posted on by Pablo Francesco

One of the most important features of contemporary applications is performance. Despite.NET Core’s speed and cross-platform compatibility, many apps still have performance problems—not because of the framework, but rather because of how it is used.

In this post, we’ll examine potential causes of your.NET Core application’s slowness and offer solutions based on tried-and-true best practices.

Typical Signs of a Slow.NET Core Program

You might observe:

  • API response times that are slow
  • High memory or CPU utilization
  • Under load, the application freezes.
  • Inadequate scalability
  • Timeouts that occur frequently

Let’s examine the most typical reasons.

1. Blocking Asynchronous Code

One of the biggest performance killers is blocking async code.

Problem

var result = GetDataAsync().Result;

This blocks the thread and can cause deadlocks.

Fix

Use async/await properly:

var result = await GetDataAsync();

Always make your call chain async from top to bottom.

2. Inefficient Database Access

Common Mistakes

  • N+1 queries
  • Missing indexes
  • Fetching unnecessary columns
  • Calling the database in loops

Problem

foreach (var user in users)
{
    var orders = db.Orders.Where(o => o.UserId == user.Id).ToList();
}

Fix

Use joins or eager loading:

var users = db.Users
    .Include(u => u.Orders)
    .ToList();

Also:

  • Add proper indexes
  • Use pagination
  • Avoid SELECT *

3. Incorrect Dependency Injection Lifetimes

Wrong service lifetimes can cause memory leaks and performance degradation.

Problem

Registering heavy services as transient:

services.AddTransient<MyService>();

Fix

Use appropriate lifetimes:

services.AddScoped<MyService>();
services.AddSingleton<CacheService>();

✔ Use:

  • Singleton for shared, stateless services
  • Scoped for request-based services
  • Transient only for lightweight objects

4. Excessive Logging

Logging everything, especially in production, slows your app.

Problem

_logger.LogInformation("Processing request...");

Called thousands of times per second.

Fix

  • Reduce log levels in production
  • Avoid logging inside tight loops
  • Use structured logging
"LogLevel": {
  "Default": "Warning",
  "Microsoft": "Error"
}

5. No Caching Strategy

Repeatedly fetching the same data is expensive.

Fix

Use in-memory or distributed caching:

services.AddMemoryCache();
if (!_cache.TryGetValue("products", out products))
{
    products = GetProducts();
    _cache.Set("products", products, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));
}

Consider Redis for distributed caching.

6. Running in Debug Mode

Running in Debug mode significantly affects performance.

Problem

dotnet run

Fix

Always deploy using Release:

dotnet publish -c Release

7. Inefficient Middleware Pipeline

Middleware order matters.

Problem

Heavy middleware runs for every request unnecessarily.

Fix

  • Keep middleware minimal
  • Place authentication/authorization correctly
  • Remove unused middleware

Performance Best Practices Checklist

✔ Use async/await correctly
✔ Optimize database queries
✔ Use proper DI lifetimes
✔ Enable caching
✔ Reduce logging noise
✔ Use Release builds
✔ Monitor with Application Insights or dotnet-counters

Conclusion

Although.NET Core is quick by design, it can become slow due to poor patterns. You may greatly enhance the performance of your application by utilizing caching, optimizing database access, resolving async issues, and adhering to best practices.

Performance is a continuous process. Continue to measure, evaluate, and optimize.

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